Expectations based on experience that do not derive from actual data are known as?

The correct answer, base rate expectations, refers to the reliance on general information or stereotypes about a situation based on past experiences rather than on specific, quantifiable data. This concept highlights how individuals often use broad statistics or common occurrences they have encountered to make judgments or predictions in new scenarios, even if those statistics are not directly applicable to the specific case at hand.

Base rate expectations can lead to misinterpretations or errors in judgment because they do not consider the unique aspects of the present situation. In contrast, other concepts such as anchoring effects pertain to how initial information can unduly influence decision-making, while role effects involve how one's professional roles or identities shape judgments. Motivational bias is related to how an individual's desires or emotions can skew their objective assessments. Understanding the distinction between these concepts reinforces the importance of relying on actual data to inform judgments rather than preconceived notions based on past experiences.