What is the term for the bias where information received early in an investigation heavily influences subsequent judgments?

The term that refers to the bias where information received early in an investigation heavily influences subsequent judgments is the "anchoring effect." This concept describes how individuals tend to rely too heavily on the initial piece of information they encounter (the "anchor") when making decisions. Once this initial data point is established, it acts as a reference for evaluating all subsequent information, which can skew judgment and lead to biased conclusions.

For example, if an investigator encounters a specific detail early on, that detail can disproportionately shape how they assess new evidence, often leading to a confirmation of this initial information rather than an objective analysis of all facts. This cognitive bias illustrates the significant impact that initial impressions can have on our reasoning and decision-making processes.

Understanding the anchoring effect is crucial in ethical decision-making, especially in fields like investigations and research, where objectivity is vital. By recognizing this bias, individuals can work to mitigate its influence and strive for more balanced judgments.