Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of duties and rules?

Deontological ethics is centered on the concept of duties and rules, making it a distinct ethical theory. It posits that certain actions are morally obligatory, permissible, or forbidden, regardless of the consequences that may arise from those actions. This perspective is derived from the belief that there are moral principles that should be followed, which guide behavior based on the intrinsic nature of the actions themselves rather than their outcomes.

For instance, deontological ethics often relies on established rules, such as those derived from moral laws or ethical guidelines, suggesting that adherence to these rules is a duty that individuals must uphold. This framework contrasts with other ethical theories like virtue ethics, which focuses on the character and virtues of the moral agent, or consequentialism, which evaluates actions based on their results, thereby not emphasizing rules or duties. Social contract theory revolves around mutual agreements in society, rather than strictly adhering to moral duties. Thus, deontological ethics is uniquely positioned to prioritize the importance of rules and duties in ethical decision-making.