Which type of error occurs when an examiner lacks sufficient information?

The type of error that occurs when an examiner lacks sufficient information is classified as a decision-based error. This kind of error arises in situations where a person must make a choice or judgment but does not have all the necessary information to do so effectively. When an examiner does not have enough information, they may make decisions based on incomplete data, which can lead to incorrect conclusions or assessments.

Skill-based errors, on the other hand, typically stem from a lack of proficiency or mistakes made in carrying out a learned task due to lapses in attention or execution. Perceptual errors occur when the interpretation of sensory information is flawed, leading to incorrect assessments of the situation. Routine violations are deviations from standard procedures or protocols, often done intentionally, and may not directly relate to the availability of sufficient information.

Understanding decision-based errors is crucial as they highlight the importance of having complete and accurate information to make informed judgments, which is essential in examinations or assessments.